ZHOU ChangxianHAN Qiang

Abstract: As the world's largest political Party in the recent 100 years, why can the Communist Party of China lead a large country that accounts for one-fifth of the world's population to reverse the danger of survival and become prosperous and strong? To answer this question, it is necessary to systematically investigate the interaction between the ruling party and the three core elements(citizens, political parties and public power) in the process of national modernization. Based on the "key node" theory put forward by historical institutionalism, the construction of the leadership system of the Party can be divided into five main stages: the initial exploration stage before the founding of New China, the exploration and system start-up stage after the founding of New China, the reform and adjustment stage, the clarification and standardization stage and the systematic construction stage. In the context of the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity, these precious historical explorations and accumulated experience have some important enlightenment for contemporary Party building. This not only needs to clarify and refine the basic principles of Party leadership, to systematically improve the operational mechanism of Party leadership, but also needs to continuously and comprehensively improve the systematic construction level of Party leadership.