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Professor Yang Shu interviewed by RIA Novosti on the involvement of CSCE in the riots in Kazakhstan

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In an interview with the satellite news agency, Yang Shu, Director of the Institute of Central Asian Studies at Lanzhou University, stressed the efficiency of CSTO's actions and highly valued Russia's role in the organization. Yang Shu also noted the growing significance of Russian-Chinese cooperation and mutual coordination in regional security at present.

He said,"The CSTO evolved from the CIS Treaty on Collective Security, signed in 1992, and this is the first time in its 30-year history that armed forces have been used for peacekeeping operations. I think it is significant and Russia, as the main force in the CSTO, has responded very quickly.There are numerous accounts of the events in Kazakhstan, and no complete account of the causes and participants, in particular. For the moment we can only rely on President Tokaev's statement that there was an external force involved in the incident. Although Tokayev did not specify which foreign forces were involved and in what way, he qualified the rioters as terrorists. And as we can see from the video footage in the media, there was indeed the use of weapons and violence by one of the rioters. In fact, the Collective Security Treaty stipulates that if a member state is subjected to aggression by any state, the CSCE will consider all member states of the organization to be subjected to aggression, and the organization will provide military and other support to the aggrieved member state. Tokaev's statement that Kazakhstan was being invaded by external forces should have given the CSCE good reason to intervene in a peacekeeping capacity.Certainly, in the future, Russia will undoubtedly play a stronger role in the issue of security guarantees in Central Asia, while it will be more difficult for other countries to intervene in regional security matters."

"The current emphasis on opposing the 'three forces' when Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov talk about regional security issues in Central Asia is, in my personal opinion, partly because Russia is the most dominant force in the CSCE, and partly because it shows a higher level of cooperation and mutual support between China and Russia on regional security. This includes the possibility that China may remain supportive of Russian-led CSCE peacekeeping operations in the future in the event of similar situations in the region."